6th Class Geography NCERT Chapter 2 Notes

 6th Class Geography NCERT Chapter 2 Notes

Latitude And Longitudes

1. Our earth is slightly flattened at the North and the South poles.

2. Globe is a true model of the earth .

3. On globe countries , continents and oceans are  shown in their correct size.

4. Axis - The imaginary line passing through the center of the the earth and joining the two points.

5.Equator :- A imaginary lines running on the globe divides it into two equal parts this is known as Equator.

• 6. All parallel circles from the equator up to the poles are called parallels of latitudes.
• Latitudes are measured in degrees.

7.North of the equator are called North Latitudes, South of the equator are called South Latitude.

8. North pole to South pole there are four parallel Latitude -

• Tropic Of Cancer
• In Northern Hemisphere.
• Tropic of Capricorn in South Hemisphere.
• Antarctica circle south of the equator.

9. Heat Zones Of The Earth

A. Torrid Zone

• The mid day sun is exactly overhead at least once a year.
• All latitudes between the tropic of cancer and the tropic of Capricorn.
• This area receives maximum heat.

B. Temperate Zone

The area around Antarctic circle in the southern hemisphere have medium temparature. These are called temperated Zone.

C. Frigid Zones

• Arctic circle and the North pole in the Northern Hemisphere and the Antarctic circle and the south pole in the southern Hemisphere.
• It is very cold, because the sun doesn't rise.

10. What Is Longitudes

• Unlike parallels of latitude, all meridians are of equal length.
• Hence, all countries decide that the count should begin from the meridian which passed through Greenwich, where the British Royal observatory is located. This meridian is called prime meridian.

11. Longitude And Time

• The best means of measuring time is by the movement of the earth, the moon and the planets.
• The sun regularly rises and sets every day and naturally. It is the best time keeper through the world.
• Local time can be reckoned by the shadow cast by the sun. Which is the shortest at noon and Longest at sunrise and sunset.
• When the prime meridian of Greenwich has the sun at the height points in the sky. All the places along this meridian will have mid day or noon.
• As the earth rotate from west to east, these places east of Greenwich will be ahead of Greenwich time and those to the west will behind it.
•  At Any Place a watch can be adjusted to read 12 o clock When the Sun is at the heights Point in the sky  When it is mid-day.

Why Do We Have Standard Time?

• the local time of places which are on different Meridian are found to differ.
• for example in India there will be a difference of about 1 hour and 45 minutes in the local time of Dwarka in Gujarat and Dibrugarh in Assam